The problem of inefficiency in Iran's market regulation system and the persistence of monopolistic behaviors, despite the establishment of institutions such as the Competition Council and the Consumer and Producer Protection Organization, remains unresolved and imposes heavy costs on consumer welfare, innovation, and economic justice. This research aims to systematically examine the policies, instruments, and operational cases of the Russian Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) and extract lessons for Iranian counterpart institutions. The main research question is: "What are the characteristics of the market regulation and antimonopoly system in the Russian Federation based on a PEST environmental analysis, and what lessons can be derived for Iran?" The findings indicate that Russia, relying on four main pillars—governmental support and institutional independence of the FAS, effective enforcement instruments (heavy fines and criminal prosecution), stakeholder responsiveness through specialized councils, and the utilization of modern technologies such as the "Antikartel" information system and artificial intelligence—has achieved significant success in identifying and prosecuting cartels (246 cases in the first nine months of 2025) and reforming the anti-competitive practices of major digital platforms.