Economic Valuation: Alternative Approaches

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Abstract

The economic valuation of goods and services with no given market value is related to economics. The studies covering the valuation of these goods, especially the natural resources show that different valuation methods reveal inconsistencies in the valuation processes. In order to have a better understanding of the subject and through an institutional point of view the present article tries to assess the process of economic valuation through the presence of beneficiaries and their background for the realization of effective factors involved in this process. Based on this point of view, the official institutions such as laws and the related instructions of environment and the process of valuation and non-official institutions including scientific and political paradigms and the ideology of the beneficiaries affects their choice of the valuation process. In addition to these institutions, the characteristics of the economic instrument are also important determinants of choices of beneficiaries in the valuation process.

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