Evaluation the Effect of Income Inequality on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran (with Emphasis on Energy Intensity)

Document Type : Scientific-research

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Abstract

Environmental degradation can be caused by factors such as population growth, economic growth, energy intensity and income distribution. In this paper, the environmental impact of inequality in income distribution using time series data from the years 1357-1394, with Auto Regression methods Distributed Lag (ARDL) is investigated. Also, the causality relationship between the model variables has been investigated using the Toda-Yamamoto causality method. According to the results of the estimation of the research model, GDP per capita, Gini coefficient and total energy consumption per capita have a positive effect on CO2 emission, and the squared variables of GDP per capita and urbanization to population ratio have a negative effect. In the meantime, the most effective coefficient, GDP per capita is positive. Also The Kuznets environmental curve hypothesis is confirmed in Iran. The results of the causality test also show that there is only bidirectional causality between GDP per capita and carbon dioxide emissions. The one-way causal flow from the Gini coefficient logarithm, the per capita energy consumption logarithm, the urban-to-population ratio logarithmic to the CO2 emission logarithm are verified.

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References

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Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Volume 6, Issue 1
April 2019
Pages 181-200

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 28 June 2019
  • Accept Date: 10 August 2019

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