Financial Development, Natural Resources Rent and Physical Capital in Iran: The Curse or Blessing of Resources?
m
a
a
author
f
a
a
author
text
article
2019
per
Resources Curse or blessing? This is a problem that has been a significant contribution to theoretical discussions and applied studies in natural resource-rich countries for over half a century. In fact, it is important to know that can resources rents stimulate physical capital accumulation and whether financial development can lead to it? In this article we have investigated the effect of multi-dimensional and seven individual indices of financial development on how resources rents affect physical capital in Iran during 1970–2014, using ARDL Rolling model. The results show that with the increase of the multi-dimensional index and most of the individual indices of financial development, the effect of resources rents on physical capital accumulation has improved in both short- and long-run. In fact, financial development has increased the absorption capacity of these resources in the economy and reduced the vulnerability of the Iranian economy to fluctuations in natural resource sales. These results confirm the need to strengthen the financial system to transform natural capital to physical capital.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
1
17
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4914_b6fe6320ecc4a3074a29bc92297c6355.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4914
Investigation of Nonlinear Exchange Rate Behavior in Iran: Evidence from Markov Switching Model
moslem
ansarinasab
v
author
z
m
k
author
text
article
2019
per
The exchange rate is one of the most important key economic variables that can affect the Impressive of production, inflation, employment and other macroeconomic variables through affecting the state of foreign trade and balance of payments. Accordingly, the present paper deals with the exchange rate modeling in Iran using the Markov Switching Nonlinear Model. The data used in this article are the exchange rate data for the year 1396-1986. One of the important reasons for using the Markov-Switching model is that the exchange rate is a nonlinear time series that has various shocks and fluctuations over the years studied. In general, the results of Markov-switching model show that exchange rate has non-linear and asymmetric behavior in Iran and exchange rate in three different regimes exhibits different behavior and exchange rate behavior in three regimes depends on its period and this can be very important for currency policy making.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
21
40
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4916_0e684195853d4a36291bfb515968d5a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4916
Investigating the Impact of Economic, Political and Social Indicators of Globalization on the Situation of the Iranian Labor Market: The Regression Approach of Fixed Minimum Squares during the years 1375-1393
mohammad mahdi
barghi oskooee
d
author
kazem
abedzadeh
g
author
text
article
2019
per
Globalization and its consequences are becoming ever more widespread and important in today's human world. Perhaps the most important of these impacts comes from the economic, political and social dimensions. Extensive interactions in today's world have made these aspects highly intertwined, making them more complex in different societies and countries. Perhaps one of the most important issues affected by these different dimensions is the globalization of the labor market and the employment situation in a country. In light of these findings, the present study attempted to investigate the impact of economic, political and social indicators of Globalization on employment status in Iran during the years 1996-2014 by using the ROBUSTLS Robust Least Squares regression method. The results showed the positive effect of economic and social indicators of Globalization on unemployment and the negative effect of political index of Globalization on unemployment in Iran.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
41
60
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4917_9cd55b54eef5c6043066e6f967b188cc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4917
Estimating willingness to pay for supplementary health insurance; Applications of the contingent valuation method and logit regression model
Ahmad
Jafari Samimi
ی
author
saeed
karimi potanlar
d
author
Teimor
mohammadi
d
author
Moosa
Tatar
g
author
text
article
2019
per
Healthcare insurance coverage services in Iran are limited, and out-of-pocket costs are very high. Supplementary health insurance grants extra coverage and additional healthcare services in the presence of limited health insurance services to the individuals and protects them against huge healthcare costs. One of the obstacles to expanded health insurance schemes, especially in supplementary health insurance, is an undetermined willingness to pay (WTP) for these types of coverages. The objective of this study is to estimate WTP for supplementary health insurance. Data collected from small and medium enterprise employees in 7 areas Iran including Tehran, Shiraz, and Bandar-e Abbas in 2017 and the contingent valuation method and a logit regression model was implemented to analyze the data. Results show that WTP for supplementary health insurance is 70.23 thousand Tumans. Education level, employment status, real income, current health conditions, history of chronic disease, number of doctor visits, real healthcare costs, and satisfaction from healthcare services are all found to affect WTP for supplementary health insurance.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
61
80
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4918_fd8200d64bd8d4cf056d54dedf2daf68.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4918
A Survey on the provisions of bilateral investment treaties of Islamic republic of Iran
mohammadjavad
heydariandolatabadi
k
author
r
m
d
author
text
article
2019
per
Nowadays foreign direct investment is a requirement for development of economies especially for developing countries. For this reason governments often compete with each other in order to absorb more foreign capital. Bilateral investment treaties ratification is one of absorbing foreign capital tools which give suitable assurances and incentives to foreign investors against common risks threatening their investment such as discrimination and expropriation and etc. recently Islamic republic of Iran has ratified more than 60 bilateral investment treaties with different countries. In this research provisions of bilateral investment treaties of Iran with other countries has been studied and it is concluded that how they are reasonable and suitable with respect to different countries and the goal of investment absorbing.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
81
100
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4919_7fb1134824fa3caead247db2c57390a7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4919
Investigating and identifying variables affecting the realization of the economics of students in Iran and selected countries on the horizon of 2050
y
d
d
author
mehdi
yazdani
s
author
parisa
khoeini
d
author
text
article
2019
per
After realizing the analysis and the outcomes of the knowledge-based economy, Iran has had its own performances as well. One shortcoming in Iran in this issue is with respect to commercializing of the knowledge-based products. By considering the patent rights as a proxy of accomplishment of the knowledge-based economy, this work is specifying the influential variables and the policies for improving the knowledge-based economy in Iran and other developed economies at the 2050 horizon. The results indicate that the global competitiveness index, R&D expenditures and doing business complexities have had significant impacts on amounts of patents as a proxy of the knowledge-based economy. Also, the impact of human and educational capital on innovation variables has been more significant than that of informational and communicational infrastructure.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
101
120
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4920_d207ab98ea06b9b99fa97573d0068623.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4920
Investigating the Efficiency of Production Factors in the Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semitrailers Industry of Tehran Province
Zahra
abbaszadeh talarposhtey
p
author
Ahmad
Sarlak
d
author
Kambiz
hozhbar kiani
p
author
text
article
2019
per
This paper analyzes the efficiency of production factors in the motor vehicle, trailer and semi-trailer industry of Tehran province by focusing on formal and informal human capital indices, firm size, technology and ownership. The purpose of this study, besides calculating the total factor productivity, labor and capital productivity during the period of 2004-2016, has investigated the factors affecting the total factor productivity in this industry by using the statistical data of the Industrial of Iran Statistical Center.The most important factors affecting total productivity include human capital through formal and non-formal education, the overall scale of the firm, the ratio of public-owned firms to total firms, and technology.The results show that human capital variables, total scale of firm, have positive and significant effect on total factor productivity and negative effect of ratio of publicly owned workshops to total workshops is negative.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
121
140
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4921_2e3c3037e864850cf4536760a8d9f064.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4921
Comparatif Influecibility of European and Asian Gas market prices from OPEC Crude Oil price with Emphasis on Rising Iranian Gas Export Revenues
ali
aghili Moghaddam
دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی علوم اقتصادی دانشکده اقتصاد و حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
author
Ebrahim
Abbassi
استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد و حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
author
Shahriar
Nessabian
دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
author
Marjan
Damankeshideh
استادیار دانشکدهٔ اقتصاد و حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
author
text
article
2019
per
Understanding the price behavior of oil and gas for Iran as an influential member of OPEC has particular importance in macroeconomic and business decision-making. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships of oil and gas price behavior in two major export markets of Iran and their effect on each otherBecause of the conditions in the gas sector, the price of Japanese imported gas can represent the Asian market, and in the EU market, the price of imported natural gas from Germany plays the same role, and in the oil sector, OPEC is also has major impact in the global oil market, this study examined the interaction of OPEC oil prices with Asian and European gas prices using the Vector Error Correction Method (VECM).The findings show that there is a significant cointegration and relationship between gas prices in the Asian and European markets and OPEC oil in the long run, and any deviation from the long-run equilibrium in the Asian and European markets at rates of 0.16, And 0.13 is respectively corrected. This in turn can be exploited in major gas export trends in the country.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
141
160
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4922_f57f68617c3174bf4607f679ada6370d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4922
Does Iran's Economy Benefit from a Reduction in Defense Budgets?
abolghasem
golkhandan
d
author
Sahebeh
Mohammadian Mansoor
a
author
text
article
2019
per
One of the fundamental questions in Defense Economics is whether the defense sector help to the process of economic growth and, or vice versa, leads to slowing economic growth. On the other hand, empirical evidence shows that the effect of increasing defense budgets on economic growth is not as diminished (asymmetric effect). In this regard, this paper tries to answer the question whether Iran's economy benefits from a reduction in defense budget? For this purpose asymmetric co-integration tests were used and data were collected from 1979-2016. The results of the model estimation using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) show that in the short and long run, the positive and negative impacts of defense budget increase the economic growth, but the effect of negative impacts is greater than positive impacts (confirmation of asymmetric effects). On this basis, it can be said that reducing the defense budget and allocating more public expenditure to other non-defense sectors could lead to more accelerated economic growth. Of course, this result is taken only by considering the economic dimension of defensive expenditures and the decision on these expenditures should also be taken into account with regard to the political and security dimensions. According to other results, labor force growth rate, physical capital and oil export share of non-oil exports have a negative, positive and negative effect on economic growth, respectively.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
161
180
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4923_03da8f7457a818777545a24f7c57bc37.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4923
Evaluation the Effect of Income Inequality on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran (with Emphasis on Energy Intensity)
hamid
lalkhezri
d
author
saeed
karimi potanlar
a
author
text
article
2019
per
Environmental degradation can be caused by factors such as population growth, economic growth, energy intensity and income distribution. In this paper, the environmental impact of inequality in income distribution using time series data from the years 1357-1394, with Auto Regression methods Distributed Lag (ARDL) is investigated. Also, the causality relationship between the model variables has been investigated using the Toda-Yamamoto causality method. According to the results of the estimation of the research model, GDP per capita, Gini coefficient and total energy consumption per capita have a positive effect on CO2 emission, and the squared variables of GDP per capita and urbanization to population ratio have a negative effect. In the meantime, the most effective coefficient, GDP per capita is positive. Also The Kuznets environmental curve hypothesis is confirmed in Iran. The results of the causality test also show that there is only bidirectional causality between GDP per capita and carbon dioxide emissions. The one-way causal flow from the Gini coefficient logarithm, the per capita energy consumption logarithm, the urban-to-population ratio logarithmic to the CO2 emission logarithm are verified.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
181
200
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4924_0692439d0fc5b140c97ea60f4ca34dff.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4924
Economics of Translation: Estimating the Earnings Function of Iranian Literary Translators
Leila
Mirsafian
d
author
Hossein
Pirnajmuddin
d
author
Dariush
Nejadansari
d
author
text
article
2019
per
Literary translators seem to share a lot with artists, especially in their labor markets, however, cultural economists studying artistic labor markets have rarely, if at all, included translators in their studies, probably because cultural economics, unlike translation studies, originated and flourished in countries whose languages belonged to the center of the global system of translations, where the ratio of translations to book publications is strikingly low. Drawing on the artistic labor market research by cultural economists and the few socioeconomic studies conducted by translation studies scholars, this paper aims at finding the features that best explain the literary translation income. Preliminary analysis of the data collected in interviews with 118 Iranian literary translators showed remarkable similarities with artists regarding their labor markets: low income, multiple job holdings, and the weak role of formal education, among others. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the only variable – among experience, education, job distance, hours worked, awards, and membership of award jury and editorial board – with a direct positive effect was the number of awards received by the translator. However, the variables of higher education and monthly hours worked had direct negative effect, with female translator and those not living in the capital Tehran earning less than their counterparts.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
121
140
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4925_6fd024ac7577b8fd8d32df1d7ad10883.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4925
Effect of fertility on household welfare in Iran, with regard to human capital
z
n
d
author
marzieh
esfandiari
d
author
razeih
gholami
d
author
text
article
2019
per
Considering the changes in fertility in Iran during recent decades and the importance of fertility changes and consequently demographic changes and their effect on economic growth and development, the effect of the number of children with regard to human capital on economic well being has been considered. In this paper, a two-part model consisting of a household and a firm in the form of three-dimensional overlapping generations has been created. Then, after optimizing the behavior of the agent, and then calibrating the model parameters using the Gaussian method in the software, the model by using Iran's economy data, during 1965-95 was solved. Findings of the study show that the proportion of skilled people decreases if households decide to have fewer children or implement policies that lead to such decisions by households.In other words, unskilled children increases regardless of whether their parents are skilled or unskilled. Thus, the amount of human capital that has been considered as the main driver of economic growth has declined, leading to a decline in production, employment, growth and economic prosperity. In other words, the results of the model's solving showed a reduction in the fertility of human capital and economic well-being.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
6
v.
شماره 1 (شماره پیاپی:11)
no.
2019
161
180
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_4926_2b7e9db0afa3760dead60f1f5ca9e223.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/ce.2019.4926