Systemic Attitude and the Concept of Entropy in Economics
Sima
Ansari Fard
M.A. Student,Economics, Isfahan University
author
text
article
2015
per
In recent decades, the holistic or systemic approach has been influential in the attitude of researchers in the different scientific fields. In this holistic approach, models, principles and rules apply to the public system regardless of the specific components and inter-elements relations and forces. One of those universal rules of systemic approach, is the second law of thermodynamics, and entropy as the most important property of physical systems which originated in this law, is a feature that is present not only in physical systems but also in the living, social and economic systems. The concept of entropy in the economics literature is originated from a kind of systemic thinking. In this paper after describing the system concepts and entropy, a new approach to the concept of entropy in economics is explained using a systemic approach.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
17
34
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_684_e47e87cfe3a54b69eaeb1295ec41f5a9.pdf
An Analytical Framework in the Theory of Development: Culture, Power and Inequality
Hossein
Raghfar
Member of the Academic Board, Department of Economics, Al-Zahra University
author
Marjan
Fadavi Ardakani
M.A. Student in Economy of Development, Faculty of Sociology and Economics, Al-Zahra University
author
text
article
2015
per
This paper is an attempt to provide an analytical framework for understanding the process of and reasons for successes and failures of development patterns. For this purpose, using an interdisciplinary approach, the role of factors like culture, power and inequality -which is the product of interaction between the first two factors- in the development of societies, is studied. The theoretical principals of this study are based on a combination of intuitionalist methodology, discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis. In the presentation of the analytical framework, an interdisciplinary approach is used which is a combination of political, sociological and economical theories. The results show that inattention to cultural grounds of development or, in other words, unofficial institutions and also adopting development policies which are inconsistent with cultural and moral principles of the society are among the important factors interrupting the process of development. Another finding is that if inequality increases during the development process and as a result of such policies, it will directly or indirectly create serious obstacles in the way of development. Due to creating different types of resistance, growth of cultural paradoxes and inequality in the society will prevent gathering of the forces for optimal use of the society’s capacity. It can therefore be concluded that power, whether in the form of political system or in hegemonic and moral atmospheres, has a major effect on cultural issues, inequality and resistance. Thus, power is related to development in different ways.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
91
115
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_796_4d45b4548c4fce788eb9d8400ae0279b.pdf
The Potentiality of Constitutional political economy Theory For Disciplining the Public Sector
Yadollah
Dadgar
Associate professor of economics, Shahid Beheshti university
author
text
article
2015
per
Constitutional political economy is a modern branch of public sector economics, which analyzes the basic rules and institutions and tries to amend them. Some critics of this theory amongst orthodox mainstream economists constrain the domain of this theory to some specific area of public sector. This article is an investigation in this regard and tries to expand its epistemological-methodological scope to a pluralistic framework, to contain different aspects of public administration. It indicates that the augmented paradigm of this theory is capable to discipline the different area of public sector behavior. The findings of this study could be helpful for reforming the basic institutions and the basic rules of countries which do have hardships in managing the public sector
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
65
89
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_686_0928b5865a17b78ecc94d26638928607.pdf
An Analysis of Six Hyperinflation Cases in the World;A Comparative Study of Roots, Effects and Consequences
Ahmad
Ketabi
Retired Member of the Academic Board of the Research Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
author
text
article
2015
per
Hyperinflation is the most severe type or stage of inflation in which the official currency quickly loses its real value and its ability to exchange with other foreign currencies decreases dramatically. In the history of economic development in the world, especially in the West, several of such cases have been observed and all of them happened in the last two or three centuries when paper money became popular. Contrary to coined money, the paper money could be easily and rapidly printed, allowing the government to print new bills without observing the rules and regulations. This increases the liquidity in the society. This paper first discusses six cases of hyperinflation and then analyzes their similar aspects. Finally, it is concluded that the experiences gained from the hyperinflations confirm, more or less, the opinion of monetarists and the followers of Quantity Theory of Money to some extent. Though this is a historical study, it can be used to know, prevent and fight against the contemporary inflations, including the current inflation rate in Iran whose upward trend has worried many economists and it is possible to turn into a hyperinflation.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
133
166
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_790_5bde2c9f1245206c0eac153cc827d0e7.pdf
Social Capital: Asset Reduction or Transmission Parameter?With a transaction costs economics approach
hadi
amiri
......
author
zohre
rezapor
.....
author
text
article
2015
per
Transaction costs economics is one of the most dominant areas of modern institutionalism which is associated with the issue of organization. Williamson, in what he called an ingenious method, shows that transaction costs consequences are dependent on the organization of transactions in the market. And ‘hierarchies’ are a function of specific assets (the degree of asset limitation to a specific user). On the other hand, social capital is one of the factors which reduce the transaction costs. In some studies, the social capital is considered as a transition parameter which reduces the transaction cost of organizational structures, but this study, considering other performed studies, shows that it is better to consider social capital as a kind of asset reduction that reduces the cost of indirect entrance methods.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
1
16
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1343_39d8746bb77993f951855b399241a482.pdf
A comparative study of the most important economic issues of Iran and Tajikistan
sayid
kharatha
...
author
text
article
2015
per
Economic issues create an unfavorable situation for people's social life and endanger economic and social life. The present article is the result of an exploratory and field operation study which has been done in Iran in the form of a research titled ‘A Comparative Study of Socio-economic and demographic issues in Iran and Tajikistan’. In this research, using some resources, documents and preliminary interviews, we created a credible list of economic issues of Iran and Tajikistan (34 Economic Issues in Iran and 38 Economic Issues in Tajikistan). We shared this list with 50 experts in the field of humanities from Iran and 48 experts from Tajikistan in order to identify the most important economic issues of the countries. Finally, twelve issues, as the most important issues of the two countries, were selected to form a questionnaire by means of which 400 people from Iran and Tajikistan were interviewed. From interviewees’ point of views the most important economic issues of Iran are inflation, expensiveness, inability to economic compete in the global market, corruption (favoritism and bribery), unemployment, economic insecurity, smuggling of goods, low income and wage levels, and economic poverty. Some of major economic issues identified in Tajikistan are unemployment, corruption (bribery in police and in governmental departments, favoritism), the inability of domestic goods to compete with imported goods, lack of employment situation, economic dependence on foreign countries, and lower income and wages.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
35
64
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1344_809a684d373f59fccdc484c079f4c846.pdf
A Comparison between Theoretical Solutions and Experimental Results of Gains Allocation in Cooperative Games
Qahraman
Abdoli
Associate professor, Economics Faculty, University of Tehran
author
Mohammad Javad
Rezaei
PhD Candidate of Economics, Imam Sadiq University
author
Mahdi
Movahedi Beknazar
Candidate of Economics, Imam Sadiq University
author
text
article
2015
per
The wide range of Individual choices is formed in the context of cooperative games and team working. The gains distribution resulted from such coalition is very important. Considering that the general framework of gains allocation in this game is different from non-cooperative games, variety of solutions have been proposed for this purpose in game theory. The goal of this paper is, firstly, to compare this solution with the answers that obtained from an experimental survey, and secondly, to evaluate the level of fairness of theoretical solution based on the survey participants’ perception of fair gains allocation. The findings of this study suggest that ‘nucleolus’ and ‘egalitarian’ solutions have the most similarity to individual’s choices, respectively. Moreover ‘nucleolus’, ‘egalitarian’ and ‘Shapley value’ solutions have been considered as fair solutions by the survey participants.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
1
v.
شماره 2 (شماره پیاپی:2)
no.
2015
117
134
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1346_7be3c77e72ade959ba024880d0522139.pdf