Life Insurances: A Methodological Approach
mehdi
ahrari
PhD Student in Oil and Gas Economics at Allameh Tabataba'i University and the Insurance Expert at Dana Insurance Company (responsible author)
author
mahmoud
motavaseli
Economics Professor at Tehran University
author
text
article
2015
per
There are numerous studies on life insurance using different approaches; however, less attention has been paid to the methodological aspects of the issue from a cognitive point of view. This study is an effort to present a research method based on the recognition of different dimensions related to the issue of life insurance. The findings of this research based on theoretical and empirical studies, offer a combined methodology emphasized on institutional and cognitive analyses as well as designing a mechanism to clarify and analyze the issue of life insurance. According to the suggested methodology in this study, the presented strategies, based on cognitive analyses, consist of redesigning of methods, structures, and the strategic-operational objectives.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
2
v.
شماره1 (شماره پیاپی:3)
no.
2015
1
36
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1660_41b57a9ecf090588c4d979ee3296dd37.pdf
An Introduction to Behavioral Economics;Concept, Methodology and the Ways for Extracting the Preferences
habib
ansari samani
دانشجوی دورة دکتری اقتصاد، دانشگاه مازندران
author
alireza
pourfaraj
استادیار گروه اقتصاد نظری، دانشگاه مازندران
author
masoud
zareh
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه مازندرانm
author
abass
amini
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه مازندران
author
text
article
2015
per
Homo economicus and economical characteristics of human behavior is one of the most important topics in economic theory. For modeling, forecasting, policy making and all its functions, economics, as a human science, requires a proper understanding of man as the axis of economic decision-makings. At least after a point in history of economics with the acceptance of principles such as maximizing self-interest and rational behavior, mainstream economics, especially neoclassical economics has ignored the anthropological studies. Some economists believe that these inflexible assumptions are the causes of practical economic failures. Behavioral economics aims to solve this problem through various methods. Today, behavioral economics has made great progress with the help of knowledge and research methods of Psychology. Behavioral games are one of the research methods of behavioral economics. This paper attempts to study the methodology of behavioral economics through the introduction of the most important and widely used behavioral games. The seven games discussed are prisoners’ dilemma (PD), public goods, ultimatum, dictator, trust, gift exchange, and third party punishment.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
2
v.
شماره1 (شماره پیاپی:3)
no.
2015
37
71
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1661_b76098ff812ee543621c8730f79075aa.pdf
An Introduction to the Theory of Incentives;Concept, Methodology, and the Formation process of its Basic Approaches
mehdi
khodaparast
Associat Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
sharare
kavosi
PhD Student in Economics, International Campus of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (responsible
author
text
article
2015
per
During the 1950s and 1960s, the theoretical trend in economics, particularly neoclassical economics, was rested on certain assumptions including rational behavior maximization, methodological individualism, and complete information. Some economists believed that such inflexible assumptions caused the failures of neoclassical economics; hence they established a new method for studying and analyzing the economic relations. Instead of using general equilibrium models, their basic idea is centered on partial analyses to clarify the complexities of strategic interactions among economic agents possessing private information. In this approach, a firm is considered as an organizing structure rather than a production function or a technical foundation. In this structure both the formation of a contract among economic agents due to the lack of symmetric information and the ways that lead the agents to make appropriate decisions are analyzed using the incentive theory. This study is mainly aimed at introducing the incentive theory, explicating its operational method, as well as implementing it in empirical contexts.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
2
v.
شماره1 (شماره پیاپی:3)
no.
2015
72
97
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1662_62e9727c37d883e3fecd3887d75b09ca.pdf
The Optimum Level of Freedom
mohsen
renani
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2015
per
This article firstly investigates the freedom concept from various approaches and describes the differences of freedom types. Then it puts its focus on the concept of ‘democratic freedom’ and distinguishes it from other types of freedom. In this article, democratic freedom is defined as the elimination of any kind of restriction and obligation, which can be political, social, economic etc. and formal or informal, originated from different social institutions imposed by the ruling power (governments, kings, parliaments and other powerful groups). One can use the expression ‘freedom for …’ to indicate the elimination of these restrictions. Then using six assumptions concerning the social actors’ behavior, this paper tries to test its central hypothesis. This central hypothesis is: restrictions and rules are passed (or democratic freedoms are restricted) so far as the real net social benefits are maximized in a society satisfying these six assumptions. Next, the article makes an attempt to develop an analytical framework for the theoretical confirmation of the hypothesis. To this end, the article introduces the social cost and benefits of the democratic freedoms. After that, considering the net benefits of freedom, the optimum point of the democratic freedom expansion will be presented. In the next step, the article analyses the freedom relations with the development and shows that the more the society develops the less will be the costs of freedom. Finally, the article shows that if there are expanded relations among the political systems with democratic freedoms, so that information flows through them freely, it is expected that there will be a convergence among ‘belief-values’ packages of the societies in long run, and all of them will move towards the middle society condition.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
2
v.
شماره1 (شماره پیاپی:3)
no.
2015
100
126
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1663_3d94e23e8912fda772270badd05c4c74.pdf
A Comparative Study of Stock Exchange Market Transactions and Islamic Contracts
seyyed sajad
alamolhoda
استادیار پژوهشکدۀ اقتصاد، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
author
mahnaz
akbari
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و
author
text
article
2015
per
So significant is the stock exchange market in economy that it is almost impossible to eliminate it from the modern economy. This market has the capacity to embody various transactions, which are identified in legal terms in order to their elements, institutes, relations and effects are discovered. Analyzing such transactions on can reveal their situation in the civil and trading laws. Thus, Muslim thinkers and experts have no choice but to conduct a juridical study to compare the common transactions with Islamic contracts. The present paper aims at a comparative study of the transactions in the stock exchange market and the Islamic contracts. In various types of common transactions in Iran, including the stock exchange of goods or securities (tradable financial asset), there are elements and relations that seem to be inconsistent with some Islamic contracts. However, given the widespread capacity of Islamic jurisprudence, other contracts can be replaced. For example, the transaction of bonds and pawn brokerage-based sale of shares in the Stock Exchange Market which are not consistent with Islamic contracts can be replaced by Sokouk (sharia compliant bonds) and simultaneous sale and purchase of Salaf respectively.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
2
v.
شماره1 (شماره پیاپی:3)
no.
2015
128
148
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1664_4a48f1f60c6b524a672f53f1b591a637.pdf
In Comparison with Newly-Industrialized Economies
sayid
moshiri
دانشیار دانشکدة اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
author
ebrahim
eltejayi
استادیار پژوهشکدة اقتصاد، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
author
text
article
2015
per
Since structural change, along with traditional factors determining the growth such as labor force, capital and technology, is known in theory and practice as one of the potential factors in growth due to providing the possibility of full and optimal utilization of resources, knowing the its properties in an economy can present a clear picture of possible economic growth. This is true especially when this knowledge is gained and used as a comparative criterion in comparison with indices of structural change in exemplary economies. This paper assesses the long-term trend of structural change in Iran’s economy achieved by Hodrick-Prescot Filtering, in comparison with corresponding variables in newly-industrialized countries. For this purpose, the status of structural variables in the period before the first oil price rise (years before 1973), the oil period (1973 to 1977), the revolution and war period (1978 to 1988), renovation period (1989 to 1998) and the period of implementation of the 3rd Development Plan (1999 to 2004) are analyzed. The results indicate that all structural variables in Iran’s economy had a trend similar to newly-industrialized countries in the period before the rise of oil price. However, due to numerous economic and political shocks, inappropriate changes occurred in the variables in the oil, revolution and war periods. Though some indices have been relatively improved in the periods of renovation and the implementation of the 3rd Development Plan, the variables still remain in an unsuitable condition in comparison with their level and trend in 1960s and the first half of 1970s and also in comparison with the trend of corresponding variables in the newly-industrialized countries.
Journal of Iranian Economic Issues
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0565
2
v.
شماره1 (شماره پیاپی:3)
no.
2015
149
196
https://economics.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1665_6384cd50d440d559d817ff45c6573190.pdf